后台启动容器

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# docker run -d 容器名            
# 问题 使用docker ps 的时候发现启动的容器直接停止了
# 常见的坑 docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台的进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx: 容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了

查看日志

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# 自己编写一个shell脚本 让你的进程一直在运行
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 刘富贵666;sleep 2;done"
# 查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail number(查看日志的数量) 容器的id

查看容器中进程的进程详细信息

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# 语法 docker top 容器id
root@again:~# docker top 7767f30883a1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                8601                8584                0                   14:54               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo 刘富贵666;sleep 2;done
root                8889                8601                0                   15:00               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2

查看镜像的元数据

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# docker inspect 容器id

# 执行结果
docker inspect root@again:~# docker top 7767f30883a1
[
    {
        "Id": "7767f30883a125851fbac95ead97a98e7ab95f39bc9520b64d47c14829a5a20c",
        "Created": "2020-10-26T06:54:43.42262062Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo 刘富贵666;sleep 2;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 8601,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-10-26T06:54:43.79458595Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7767f30883a125851fbac95ead97a98e7ab95f39bc9520b64d47c14829a5a20c/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7767f30883a125851fbac95ead97a98e7ab95f39bc9520b64d47c14829a5a20c/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7767f30883a125851fbac95ead97a98e7ab95f39bc9520b64d47c14829a5a20c/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7767f30883a125851fbac95ead97a98e7ab95f39bc9520b64d47c14829a5a20c/7767f30883a125851fbac95ead97a98e7ab95f39bc95a20c-json.log",
        "Name": "/agitated_hugle",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe1f93611c38de59e0b0e36b853d71cc5cb4070b715adaa65e56aa2e61c5de1a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d746bc6c681f401b91ae7f167af59d8539c275fbb07b8eec/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe1f93611c38de59e0b0e36b853d71cc5cb4070b715adaa65e56aa2e61c5de1a/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe1f93611c38de59e0b0e36b853d71cc5cb4070b715adaa65e56aa2e61c5de1a/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe1f93611c38de59e0b0e36b853d71cc5cb4070b715adaa65e56aa2e61c5de1a/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "7767f30883a1",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo 刘富贵666;sleep 2;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "7a6251459ed17b3d80bda3df80f540d6ac868d9b898034f3579b2aa671a0ecb6",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/7a6251459ed1",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "96e063b1a9fa7ffefe385ea6099871daabec4e9e0a0c20e7238bcabfebd53122",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "b7b4c742dee5db72fc41b5cd4e4914c1060e7026e3b455d329bba56e90934290",
                    "EndpointID": "96e063b1a9fa7ffefe385ea6099871daabec4e9e0a0c20e7238bcabfebd53122",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入正在运行的命令

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#方式一

# 我们的容器通常都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 执行命令以交互模式运行
docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
#执行结果
root@again:~# docker exec -it 7767f30883a1  /bin/bash 
[root@7767f30883a1 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@7767f30883a1 /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 06:54 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo ?????????666;sleep 2;done
root       648     0  0 07:16 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       663     1  0 07:16 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2
root       664   648  0 07:16 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

#方式二

# 正在执行当前的的代码
docker attach 容器id

# 方式一 和 二的区别
# docker exec 开启一个新的终端(常用)
# 连接现有的正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程

进入正在运行的命令并且不用进入容器就执行容器中的命令(意思就是不想进入容器执行命令咋办)

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# 示例代码

[root@fugui001 nginx]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                            NAMES
b689cae35273   sky0429/nginx:final   "/bin/bash"   34 seconds ago   Up 32 seconds   8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9998->80/tcp   nginx02

# 我们可以使用 -c 用引号引起来就是不用进入容器来进行操作
[root@fugui001 nginx]# docker exec b689cae35273 /bin/bash **-c 'cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin && ./nginx'**

[root@fugui001 nginx]# docker exec b689cae35273 /bin/bash **-c "cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin && ./nginx -v"**
nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
[root@fugui001 nginx]#

从容器内拷贝文件到虚拟机

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docker cp 容器id:容器内要拷贝内容的路径 目的的主机路径

#测试结果  注意退出容器,数据不会丢失
root@again:~# docker cp 7767f30883a1:/home/aacc.java /home
root@again:~# cd /home/
root@again:/home# ll
total 20
drwxr-xr-x  5 root    root    4096 Oct 26 15:39 ./
drwxr-xr-x 23 root    root    4096 Oct 13 14:02 ../
-rw-r--r--  1 root    root       0 Oct 26 15:37 aacc.java
drwxr-xr-x  5     999 root    4096 Oct 13 14:02 mariadb/
drwxr-xr-x  3 root    root    4096 Sep 26 15:25 mtproxy/
drwxr-xr-x  6 root001 root001 4096 Oct 26 14:52 root001/